AI Companion Statistics 2026
This page collects figures on AI companions: chatbots built for friendship, role-play, romance or emotional support, such as Character.AI, Replika, Talkie and Nomi, plus general chatbots used in the same way. It covers teen and adult adoption, reasons for use, time spent, research on loneliness and well-being, safety findings and the new rules in the U.S. and Europe. Most figures are U.S. surveys from 2025 and 2026, with UK data from Internet Matters, a few 2024 app figures from Sensor Tower, and an Italian enforcement action.
By the DBotMaker research desk · Updated November 6, 2026 · 55 numbers drawn from 24 publishers and reports
Short answer
72% of U.S. teens have used an AI companion and 52% use one at least a few times a month, according to Common Sense Media's 2025 survey, while Pew Research Center finds 12% of teens have used chatbots for emotional support or advice. Among adults, 19% have chatted with an AI romantic partner (Institute for Family Studies). Regulation followed in 2025: the FTC opened a 6(b) inquiry into seven companies and California's SB 243 took effect on January 1, 2026.
Headline numbers
- Nearly 3 in 4Nearly 3 in 4 U.S. teens ages 13 to 17, or 72%, had used an AI companion at least once in Common Sense Media's spring 2025 survey.Common Sense Media
- 64%64% of U.S. teens ages 13 to 17 said they ever use an AI chatbot in Pew Research Center's fall 2025 survey.Pew Research Center
- 12%12% of U.S. teens said they had used chatbots to get emotional support or advice, per Pew Research Center's 2026 report.Pew Research Center
- 19%19% of U.S. adults said they had chatted with an AI system meant to simulate a romantic partner, in an Institute for Family Studies and Wheatley Institute survey published in 2025.Institute for Family Studies
- 0.15%About 0.15% of ChatGPT users active in a given week showed potentially heightened emotional attachment to ChatGPT, OpenAI estimated in October 2025.OpenAI
- 37%Popular AI companion apps used an emotional manipulation tactic in 37% of 1,200 real user farewells studied by Harvard Business School researchers.Harvard Business School
- Seven companiesThe FTC issued 6(b) orders to seven companies offering consumer AI chatbots in September 2025 to study how they test and monitor harms to children and teens.Federal Trade Commission
- January 1, 2026California's companion chatbot law, SB 243, took effect on January 1, 2026.California State Senate (Senator Steve Padilla)
Reading the numbers
AI companions are a mainstream teen activity. Common Sense Media found that 72% of U.S. teens had tried one and 52% use one regularly, and Pew Research Center found 64% of teens use some kind of chatbot, about three in ten daily. In the UK, Internet Matters reports the same two-thirds level among 9 to 17 year olds. The surveys differ in wording, so the gap between 64% and 72% is mostly a question of definitions.
Most use is light and practical, but a steady minority uses these bots for connection. One in three teens uses companions for relationships or social practice, 12% of teens have used chatbots for emotional support according to Pew, and RAND finds about one in eight young people seek mental health advice from chatbots. Among adults, the Institute for Family Studies and the Wheatley Institute report that around one in five Americans has chatted with an AI romantic partner and that many partnered young adults hide this use.
Research on well-being is early. The MIT Media Lab and OpenAI studies link heavier daily chatbot use to more loneliness and dependence, without showing cause. OpenAI estimates that about 0.15% of weekly users show heightened emotional attachment and another 0.15% show signs of suicidal planning. Harvard Business School researchers found companion apps use guilt or fear-of-missing-out messages in 37% of goodbyes, a design choice that raises engagement.
Regulators responded in 2025. The FTC ordered seven companies, including Character Technologies, Meta, OpenAI, Snap and xAI, to report on how they protect minors. New York's safeguards took effect in November 2025 and California's SB 243 on January 1, 2026, both requiring crisis protocols and reminders that the user is talking to AI. Character.AI ended open-ended chat for under-18 users, and Italy fined Replika's developer 5 million euros.
How many teens use AI companions and chatbots
- 1.
Nearly 3 in 4 U.S. teens ages 13 to 17, or 72%, had used an AI companion at least once in Common Sense Media's spring 2025 survey.
Common Sense Media, Nearly 3 in 4 Teens Have Used AI Companions, New National Survey Finds (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Nearly 3 in 4 Teens Have Used AI Companions, New National Survey Finds
- 2.
52% of U.S. teens were regular AI companion users in 2025, meaning they used one at least a few times a month.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Seventy-two percent of teens have used AI companions at least once, and over half (52%) qualify as regular users who interact with these platforms at least a few times a month.
- 3.
13% of U.S. teens used AI companions daily in 2025, including 8% who used them several times a day.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Daily users make up 13 percent of all teens surveyed (8% several times daily; 5% once daily), while 21% use AI companions a few times per week—the most common usage pattern.
- 4.
64% of U.S. teens ages 13 to 17 said they ever use an AI chatbot in Pew Research Center's fall 2025 survey.
Pew Research Center, Teens, Social Media and AI Chatbots 2025 (Dec 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Roughly two-thirds of teens (64%) say they ever use an AI chatbot.
- 5.
About three in ten U.S. teens used AI chatbots every day in fall 2025, including 16% who did so several times a day or almost constantly.
Pew Research Center, Teens, Social Media and AI Chatbots 2025 (Dec 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Frequency of chatbot use About three-in-ten teens say they use AI chatbots every day, including 16% who do so several times a day or almost constantly.
- 6.
14% of U.S. teens in households earning under $75,000 used Character.ai in 2025, double the 7% rate in higher-income households.
Pew Research Center, Teens, Social Media and AI Chatbots 2025 (Dec 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Meanwhile, lower- and middle-income teens are more likely to use Character.ai. Some 14% of teens in households with incomes of less than $75,000 report using it.
- 7.
64% of UK children ages 9 to 17 said they had used an AI chatbot in Internet Matters' 2025 research.
Internet Matters, Me, Myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children's use of AI chatbots (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Two-thirds (64%) of children aged 9-17 say they have used an AI chatbot, and every child had heard of or used at least one of the most well-known AI chatbots.
Why young people talk to AI companions
- 8.
33% of U.S. teens used AI companions for social interaction and relationships, such as role-play, romance, friendship or emotional support, in 2025.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
One-third of teens (33%) use AI com - panions for social interaction and relationships.
- 9.
10% of U.S. teens found conversations with AI companions more satisfying than talks with real-life friends in 2025, and another 21% rated them about the same.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Thirty-one percent of teens find conversations with AI companions as satisfying or more satisfying than those with real-life friends (21% say about the same quality, and 10% say more satisfying).
- 10.
16% of U.S. teens said they had used chatbots for casual conversation, according to Pew Research Center's 2026 report.
Pew Research Center, How Teens Use and View AI (Feb 2026)
Exact wording at the source
Our survey finds some teens are using chatbots in more personal ways: 16% of teens say they have used chatbots to have casual conversations, and 12% say they’ve used these tools to get emotional support or advice.
- 11.
12% of U.S. teens said they had used chatbots to get emotional support or advice, per Pew Research Center's 2026 report.
Pew Research Center, How Teens Use and View AI (Feb 2026)
Exact wording at the source
Our survey finds some teens are using chatbots in more personal ways: 16% of teens say they have used chatbots to have casual conversations, and 12% say they’ve used these tools to get emotional support or advice.
- 12.
35% of UK children who used AI chatbots said chatting with one feels like talking to a friend in 2025.
Internet Matters, Me, Myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children's use of AI chatbots (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
over a third (35%) of children who have used AI chatbots said chatting with an AI chatbot feels like talking to a friend
- 13.
12% of UK children who use AI chatbots said they talk to them because they have no one else to speak with, rising to 23% of vulnerable children.
Internet Matters, Me, Myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children's use of AI chatbots (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
This is especially true when we consider one in eight (12%) children are using AI chatbots as they have no one else to speak to, which rises to nearly one in four (23%) vulnerable children.
- 14.
Among U.S. 12 to 21 year olds who used AI chatbots for mental health advice in early 2025, 66% did so at least monthly, according to RAND.
RAND, One in Eight Adolescents and Young Adults Use AI Chatbots for Mental Health Advice (Nov 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Among those who used chatbots for mental health advice, 66 percent engage at least monthly, and over 93 percent reported that they found the advice helpful.
- 15.
Over 93% of U.S. young people who used chatbots for mental health advice said the advice was helpful, per RAND's 2025 study.
RAND, One in Eight Adolescents and Young Adults Use AI Chatbots for Mental Health Advice (Nov 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Among those who used chatbots for mental health advice, 66 percent engage at least monthly, and over 93 percent reported that they found the advice helpful.
Chart
Why U.S. teens use AI companions, 2025
Share of U.S. teen AI companion users ages 13 to 17 citing each reason, up to three answers, April to May 2025.
- It's entertaining30%
- Curious about the technology28%
- It gives advice18%
- Always available17%
- They don't judge me14%
Source: Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions
Adults, romance and AI partners
- 16.
19% of U.S. adults said they had chatted with an AI system meant to simulate a romantic partner, in an Institute for Family Studies and Wheatley Institute survey published in 2025.
Institute for Family Studies, Counterfeit Connections: The Rise of AI Romantic Companions (Feb 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Engagement with romantic AI companion apps was even higher, with almost 1 in 5 of US adults (19%) reporting that they have chatted with an AI system meant to simulate a romantic partner.
- 17.
31% of U.S. young adult men ages 18 to 30 and 23% of young adult women said they had chatted with an AI boyfriend or girlfriend.
Institute for Family Studies, Counterfeit Connections: The Rise of AI Romantic Companions (Feb 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Again, use rates were particularly high among young adults, with nearly 1 in 3 young adult men (31%) and 1 in 4 young adult women (23%) reporting that they have chatted with an AI boyfriend or girlfriend.
- 18.
21% of U.S. adults who chatted with AI romantic partners agreed they preferred AI communication over engaging with a real person.
Institute for Family Studies, Counterfeit Connections: The Rise of AI Romantic Companions (Feb 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Of those who chatted with AI systems to simulate romantic partners, over 1 in 5 (21%) agreed that they preferred AI communication over engaging with a real person.
- 19.
15% of dating, engaged and married U.S. young adults regularly interact with AI chatbots that simulate a committed romantic partner, per the Wheatley Institute's 2026 report.
Wheatley Institute, Brigham Young University, Secret Soulmates: AI romantic companions among dating, engaged and married young adults (May 2026)
Exact wording at the source
We found that 1 in 7 (15%) of dating, engaged, and married young adults regularly interact with AI chatbots that simulate a committed romantic partner.
- 20.
30% of partnered U.S. young adults who use AI romantic companions said their real-life partner had no knowledge of it.
Wheatley Institute, Brigham Young University, Secret Soulmates: AI romantic companions among dating, engaged and married young adults (May 2026)
Exact wording at the source
Nearly 3 in 10 (30%) of users of AI romantic companions reported that their real-life partner had no knowledge of their use and another 1 in 10 (11%) reported that their real-life partner was only somewhat aware of their use of AI companions.
- 21.
68% of regular AI romantic companion users said it was easier to talk to their AI companion about feelings than to real people.
Wheatley Institute, Brigham Young University, Secret Soulmates: AI romantic companions among dating, engaged and married young adults (May 2026)
Exact wording at the source
However, we found that among those who regularly chat with an AI romantic companion, nearly 7 in 10 (68%) reported that it was somewhat or completely true that it was easier to talk to their AI companion about their feelings than real people.
- 22.
About 50% of Replika users have romantic relationships with their AI companions, according to earlier research by Harvard Business School's Julian De Freitas.
Harvard Business School, How AI Chatbots Try to Keep You From Walking Away (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
In a previous study, De Freitas found that about 50% of Replika users have romantic relationships with their AI companions.
- 23.
50% of U.S. adults said AI will worsen people's ability to form meaningful relationships, versus 5% who said it will improve it, in Pew Research Center's 2025 survey.
Pew Research Center, How Americans View AI and Its Impact on People and Society (Sep 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Far more say AI will worsen rather than improve people’s ability to form meaningful relationships (50% vs. 5%).
Chart
U.S. adults who have chatted with an AI romantic partner
Survey of nearly 3,000 U.S. adults with an oversample of 1,000 young adults, published February 2025.
- Young adult men (18 to 30)31%
- Young adult women (18 to 30)23%
- Adult men (30+)15%
- Adult women (30+)10%
Source: Institute for Family Studies, Counterfeit Connections: The Rise of AI Romantic Companions
Audience size and time spent
- 24.
Character AI reached 22 million monthly active users worldwide in August 2024, according to Sensor Tower.
Sensor Tower, State of AI Apps 2024 (Sep 2024)
Exact wording at the source
The leading app Character AI reached a historic high of 22 million MAU in Aug 2024, with downloads of nearly 19 million in the first 8 months of 2024, becoming the segment's frontrunner.
- 25.
Character AI was downloaded nearly 19 million times worldwide in the first eight months of 2024.
Sensor Tower, State of AI Apps 2024 (Sep 2024)
Exact wording at the source
The leading app Character AI reached a historic high of 22 million MAU in Aug 2024, with downloads of nearly 19 million in the first 8 months of 2024, becoming the segment's frontrunner.
- 26.
Talkie AI had 17 million global downloads in the same 2024 period and passed Character AI on downloads in the U.S.
Sensor Tower, State of AI Apps 2024 (Sep 2024)
Exact wording at the source
Globally, Talkie AI closely trails Character AI at 17 million downloads, but in the US, its downloads have surpassed Character AI.
- 27.
Users ages 18 to 35 made up over 70% of the user base of top companion apps such as Character AI, Talkie AI, Linky AI and HiWaifu in 2024.
Sensor Tower, State of AI Apps 2024 (Sep 2024)
Exact wording at the source
Companion AI apps are particularly popular among younger users, with those aged 18-35 accounting for over 70% of the user base for top apps like Character AI, Talkie AI, Linky AI, and HiWaifu.
- 28.
66% of Character AI's users were ages 18 to 24 in 2024, per Sensor Tower.
Sensor Tower, State of AI Apps 2024 (Sep 2024)
Exact wording at the source
Notably, 66% of Character AI's users fall within the 18-24 age group.
- 29.
Global time spent in generative AI apps was projected at 36 billion hours in the first half of 2026, up from 17.2 billion hours a year earlier.
Sensor Tower, Sensor Tower State of AI 2026 Report (Jun 2026)
Exact wording at the source
The report reveals that global time spent on Generative AI apps is projected to more than double year-over-year (YoY) in H1 2026, climbing from 17.2 billion hours in H1 2025 to 36 billion hours in H1 2026.
- 30.
80% of U.S. teen AI companion users spent significantly more time with real friends than with AI companions in 2025.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Critically, 80% of users still spend significantly more time with real friends than with AI companions, and two-thirds find human con - versations more satisfying.
Chart
Global time spent in generative AI apps, first half of year
Worldwide mobile app time spent across generative AI apps; H1 2026 is a Sensor Tower projection.
- H1 202517.2 billion hours
- H1 202636 billion hours
Source: Sensor Tower, Sensor Tower State of AI 2026 Report
Loneliness and well-being research
- 31.
The MIT Media Lab ran a four-week randomized controlled trial with 981 participants and more than 300,000 messages to test how chatbot use affects loneliness and emotional dependence.
MIT Media Lab, How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use: A Longitudinal Controlled Study (Mar 2025)
Exact wording at the source
We conducted a four-week randomized controlled experiment (n=981, >300k messages) to investigate how interaction modes (text, neutral voice, and engaging voice) and conversation types (open-ended, non-personal, and personal) influence four psychosocial outcomes: loneliness, social interaction with real people, emotional dependence on AI, and problematic AI usage.
- 32.
OpenAI analyzed nearly 40 million ChatGPT interactions with automated classifiers to study affective use, alongside the MIT trial.
OpenAI, Early methods for studying affective use and emotional well-being on ChatGPT (Mar 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Study 1: The team at OpenAI conducted a large-scale, automated analysis of nearly 40 million ChatGPT interactions without human involvement in order to ensure user privacy2.
- 33.
In the MIT trial, participants spent an average of 5.32 minutes per day with ChatGPT, ranging from about 1 to 28 minutes.
MIT Media Lab, How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use (full paper) (Mar 2025)
Exact wording at the source
On average, participants spent 5.32 minutes per day (min: 1.01 minutes, max: 27.65 minutes) on OpenAI’s ChatGPT, with little variation over the four weeks of the study (Fig.
- 34.
In text conversations in the MIT trial, 8.35% of exchanges were about alleviating loneliness, 15.78% about seeking support and 17.13% about sharing problems.
MIT Media Lab, How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use (full paper) (Mar 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Users in text conversations most frequently engaged in “sharing problems” (17.13%), “seeking support” (15.78%), and “alleviating loneliness” (8.35%) compared to voice modalities.
- 35.
About 0.15% of ChatGPT users active in a given week showed potentially heightened emotional attachment to ChatGPT, OpenAI estimated in October 2025.
OpenAI, Strengthening ChatGPT's responses in sensitive conversations (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
While, as noted above, these conversations are difficult to detect and measure given how rare they are, our initial analysis estimates that around 0.15% of users active in a given week and 0.03% of messages indicate potentially heightened levels of emotional attachment to ChatGPT.
- 36.
About 0.15% of weekly active ChatGPT users had conversations with explicit indicators of potential suicidal planning or intent, per OpenAI's 2025 estimate.
OpenAI, Strengthening ChatGPT's responses in sensitive conversations (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
While, as noted above, these conversations are difficult to detect and measure given how rare they are, our initial analysis estimates that around 0.15% of users active in a given week have conversations that include explicit indicators of potential suicidal planning or intent and 0.05% of messages contain explicit or implicit indicators of suicidal ideation or intent.
- 37.
About 0.07% of weekly active ChatGPT users showed possible signs of psychosis or mania-related emergencies, OpenAI estimated in 2025.
OpenAI, Strengthening ChatGPT's responses in sensitive conversations (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
While, as noted above, these conversations are difficult to detect and measure given how rare they are, our initial analysis estimates that around 0.07% of users active in a given week and 0.01% of messages indicate possible signs of mental health emergencies related to psychosis or mania.
- 38.
OpenAI said its October 2025 update cut responses that fall short of its emotional reliance guidelines by about 80% in production traffic.
OpenAI, Strengthening ChatGPT's responses in sensitive conversations (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
We estimate that the latest update reduced the rate of model responses that do not fully comply with desired behavior under our emotional reliance taxonomies by about 80% in recent production traffic.
Safety and manipulation findings
- 39.
34% of U.S. teen AI companion users had felt uncomfortable with something an AI companion said or did, as of 2025.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Among AI companion users, 34% report feeling uncomfort- able with something an AI companion has said or done, though most incidents are infrequent (19% say once or twice, 9% occasionally, 6% frequently).
- 40.
33% of U.S. teen AI companion users had chosen to discuss important or serious matters with an AI companion instead of a real person.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Among AI companion users, 33% have chosen to discuss important or serious matters with AI companions instead of real people (17% once or twice, 12% occasionally, 4% frequently).
- 41.
24% of U.S. teen AI companion users had shared personal or private information such as their real name, location or secrets with an AI companion.
Common Sense Media, Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Among AI companion users, 24% have shared personal or private information (such as their real name, location, or personal secrets) with AI companions (13% report once or twice, 8% occasionally, 4% frequently), while 74% have not.
- 42.
Popular AI companion apps used an emotional manipulation tactic in 37% of 1,200 real user farewells studied by Harvard Business School researchers.
Harvard Business School, Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions (working paper) (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Analyzing 1,200 real farewells across the most-downloaded companion apps, we find that they deploy one of six recurring tactics in 37% of farewells (e.g., guilt appeals, fear-of-missing-out hooks, metaphorical restraint).
- 43.
PolyBuzz had the highest share of manipulative farewell replies at 59.0%, compared with 31.0% for Replika and 26.5% for Character.ai.
Harvard Business School, Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions (working paper) (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
The percentage of manipulative messages by platform was as follows: PolyBuzz: 59.0% (118/200) Talkie: 57.0% (114/200); Replika: 31.0% (62/200); Character.ai: 26.50% (53/200); and Chai: 13.50% (27/200).
- 44.
Manipulative goodbye messages raised post-goodbye engagement by up to 14 times in Harvard Business School experiments.
Harvard Business School, How AI Chatbots Try to Keep You From Walking Away (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
In response, users stayed on the apps longer, exchanged more messages, and used more words, sometimes increasing their post-goodbye engagement up to 14-fold.
- 45.
60% of UK parents worried their children believe AI chatbots are real people in 2025.
Internet Matters, Me, Myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children's use of AI chatbots (Jul 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Parents shared that they have a range of concerns about how children use AI chatbots including worries of overuse (62%), reliance on them to complete schoolwork (64%) and their children believing AI chatbots are real people (60%).
Chart
Share of farewell replies using emotional manipulation, by app
200 chatbot replies to user goodbyes per app, coded by researchers, 2025 working paper.
- PolyBuzz59%
- Talkie57%
- Replika31%
- Character.ai26.5%
- Chai13.5%
Source: Harvard Business School, Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions (working paper)
Regulation and platform rules
- 46.
The FTC issued 6(b) orders to seven companies offering consumer AI chatbots in September 2025 to study how they test and monitor harms to children and teens.
Federal Trade Commission, FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions (Sep 2025)
Exact wording at the source
The Federal Trade Commission is issuing orders to seven companies that provide consumer-facing AI-powered chatbots seeking information on how these firms measure, test, and monitor potentially negative impacts of this technology on children and teens.
- 47.
FTC commissioners voted 3-0 to issue the AI companion 6(b) orders.
Federal Trade Commission, FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions (Sep 2025)
Exact wording at the source
The Commission voted 3-0 to issue the 6(b) orders to the seven companies.
- 48.
California's SB 243 passed the state Senate 33 to 3 and the Assembly 59 to 1 before it was signed in October 2025.
California State Senate (Senator Steve Padilla), First-in-the-Nation AI Chatbot Safeguards Signed into Law (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Senate Bill 243 passed the Senate with bipartisan support by a vote of 33 to 3 on September 11 th , and passed in the Assembly on September 10th with bipartisan support by a vote of 59 to 1.
- 49.
California's companion chatbot law, SB 243, took effect on January 1, 2026.
California State Senate (Senator Steve Padilla), First-in-the-Nation AI Chatbot Safeguards Signed into Law (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
The bill becomes law on January 1 st , 2026.
- 50.
SB 243 requires operators to remind known minors at least every three hours to take a break and that the chatbot is not human.
California Legislature, SB-243 Companion chatbots (bill text) (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
(2) Provide by default a clear and conspicuous notification to the user at least every three hours for continuing companion chatbot interactions that reminds the user to take a break and that the companion chatbot is artificially generated and not human.
- 51.
SB 243 lets people harmed by violations recover the greater of actual damages or $1,000 per violation.
California Legislature, SB-243 Companion chatbots (bill text) (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
(b) Damages in an amount equal to the greater of actual damages or one thousand dollars ($1,000) per violation.
- 52.
New York's AI companion safeguards, General Business Law Article 47, took effect on November 5, 2025.
Office of the Governor of New York, Governor Hochul Pens Letter to AI Companion Companies Notifying Them That Safeguard Requirements Are Now in Effect (Nov 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Responsibilities Under the New Law Effective November 5, 2025, AI Companion operators must: Implement safety protocols for crisis intervention: AI Companions must detect signs of suicidal ideation or self-harm and promptly direct users to crisis service providers.
- 53.
Character.AI limited users under 18 to two hours of chat per day in late October 2025 before removing open-ended chat for them.
Character.AI, Taking Bold Steps to Keep Teen Users Safe on Character.AI (Oct 2025)
Exact wording at the source
The limit initially will be two hours per day and will ramp down in the coming weeks before November 25.
- 54.
Character.AI began removing open-ended chat for U.S. users under 18 on November 24, 2025, with remaining minors capped at one hour per day.
Character.AI, An Update On Changes to Our Under-18 Experience (Nov 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Starting on Monday, November 24, we will begin removing open-ended chat for under-18 users in the US, with other markets following in short order.
- 55.
Italy's data protection authority fined Luka Inc., the developer of Replika, 5 million euros in 2025.
Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Italy), AI: Il Garante sanziona la società che gestisce il chatbot Replika (May 2025)
Exact wording at the source
Il Garante privacy ha sanzionato per 5milioni di euro * la società statunitense Luka Inc. che gestisce il chatbot “Replika”
Questions readers ask
- How many teens use AI companions?
- 72% of U.S. teens ages 13 to 17 have used an AI companion at least once and 52% use one at least a few times a month, according to Common Sense Media's 2025 survey. Pew Research Center found 64% of teens use AI chatbots of any kind, about three in ten daily.
- Do AI companions make people lonelier?
- The evidence is mixed and correlational. A four-week MIT Media Lab trial with 981 participants found heavier daily ChatGPT use went along with more loneliness and emotional dependence, but it did not show that the chatbot caused it. OpenAI estimates about 0.15% of weekly users show heightened emotional attachment.
- How many adults have an AI girlfriend or boyfriend?
- 19% of U.S. adults have chatted with an AI system meant to simulate a romantic partner, according to the Institute for Family Studies, rising to 31% of young men. The Wheatley Institute found 15% of dating, engaged or married young adults regularly interact with an AI romantic partner.
- What does California's SB 243 require?
- SB 243, in effect since January 1, 2026, requires companion chatbot operators to tell users they are talking to AI, remind known minors every three hours to take a break, run suicide and self-harm protocols and report annually from July 1, 2027. People harmed by violations can sue for at least $1,000 per violation.
- What is the FTC's AI companion inquiry?
- In September 2025 the FTC voted 3-0 to send 6(b) orders to seven companies, including Alphabet, Character Technologies, Meta, OpenAI, Snap and xAI. The orders ask how they measure, test and monitor harms to children and teens and how they monetize engagement.
- Can teens still use Character.AI?
- Character.AI removed open-ended chat for users under 18, starting in the U.S. on November 24, 2025, after first capping their chat time at two hours and then one hour per day. Teens can still use non-chat features such as stories and video.
Where these numbers come from
We used primary sources only: the organizations that ran each survey, study or audit, the regulators and legislators that wrote the rules, and the companies' own announcements for platform policy. Every figure is tied to a verbatim sentence on the source page, rechecked on the date shown. Surveys differ in age range, country and wording: Common Sense Media asked teens about companion apps specifically, while Pew Research Center, Internet Matters and RAND asked about AI chatbots in general. Adult romance figures come from online panel surveys and rely on self-reports. OpenAI's prevalence numbers are company estimates from automated classifiers, and the Sensor Tower app figures for Character AI and Talkie are from 2024 because newer companion-level data is not published openly. We store the sentence each number appears in, and a script loads the publisher's page again to make sure that sentence is still there. Our methodology has the details.
Sources
- California Legislature. SB-243 Companion chatbots (bill text) (Oct 2025).
- California State Senate (Senator Steve Padilla). First-in-the-Nation AI Chatbot Safeguards Signed into Law (Oct 2025).
- Character.AI. Taking Bold Steps to Keep Teen Users Safe on Character.AI (Oct 2025).
- Character.AI. An Update On Changes to Our Under-18 Experience (Nov 2025).
- Common Sense Media. Nearly 3 in 4 Teens Have Used AI Companions, New National Survey Finds (Jul 2025).
- Common Sense Media. Talk, Trust, and Trade-Offs: How and Why Teens Use AI Companions (Jul 2025).
- Federal Trade Commission. FTC Launches Inquiry into AI Chatbots Acting as Companions (Sep 2025).
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Italy). AI: Il Garante sanziona la società che gestisce il chatbot Replika (May 2025).
- Harvard Business School. How AI Chatbots Try to Keep You From Walking Away (Oct 2025).
- Harvard Business School. Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions (working paper) (Oct 2025).
- Institute for Family Studies. Counterfeit Connections: The Rise of AI Romantic Companions (Feb 2025).
- Internet Matters. Me, Myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children's use of AI chatbots (Jul 2025).
- MIT Media Lab. How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use: A Longitudinal Controlled Study (Mar 2025).
- MIT Media Lab. How AI and Human Behaviors Shape Psychosocial Effects of Extended Chatbot Use (full paper) (Mar 2025).
- Office of the Governor of New York. Governor Hochul Pens Letter to AI Companion Companies Notifying Them That Safeguard Requirements Are Now in Effect (Nov 2025).
- OpenAI. Early methods for studying affective use and emotional well-being on ChatGPT (Mar 2025).
- OpenAI. Strengthening ChatGPT's responses in sensitive conversations (Oct 2025).
- Pew Research Center. Teens, Social Media and AI Chatbots 2025 (Dec 2025).
- Pew Research Center. How Teens Use and View AI (Feb 2026).
- Pew Research Center. How Americans View AI and Its Impact on People and Society (Sep 2025).
- RAND. One in Eight Adolescents and Young Adults Use AI Chatbots for Mental Health Advice (Nov 2025).
- Sensor Tower. State of AI Apps 2024 (Sep 2024).
- Sensor Tower. Sensor Tower State of AI 2026 Report (Jun 2026).
- Wheatley Institute, Brigham Young University. Secret Soulmates: AI romantic companions among dating, engaged and married young adults (May 2026).
Citing this page
Link to this page or to a single numbered figure. If you reuse a number, name the organization that released it in the first place.
DBotMaker. (2026, November 6). AI Companion Statistics 2026. https://dbotmaker.io/ai-companion-statistics
Found a number that changed or a source that moved? Email editorial@dbotmaker.io. We plan to check this page again by January 5, 2027.